Until the Metrorail services are extended to serve Dulles airport, the most immediate and sensible option for those travelling to the city is an authorised Washington Flyer Taxicab costing around $50.
The budget-conscious will do well to take the Washignton Flyer Bus (www.washfly.com/flyer_bus_faqs.htm) instead of the personal taxi. It'll cost $16 round-trip to the West Falls Church Metro, where one can transfer to the Metro subway system. Also an option is the 5A bus run by Metro, which will only cost $3.10 and runs out to L'Enfant Plaza, a downtown subway hub.
Are you kidding? I get the 5A bus to one of the metro stations, it costs around $3, have the right dollar bills; even the Supershuttle is cheaper at around $30, you can pick up the 5A bus from L'Enfant Plaza on the yellow line, or Rosslyn on the orange line metro.